درس 2


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

conduct/ˈkɑndʌkt/

انجام دادن اجرا کردن، اداره کردن

فعل

Suddenly all those annoying rules of conduct began to make sense.
He will conduct you to the Minister of War.

behaviour  way of behaving  performance  comportment  demeanour

2

view/vjuː/

دانستن در نظر گرفتن

فعل

You have a nice view from your apartment.
He came into view and moved around the punching bag.

outlook  prospect  panorama  vista  scene

3

poor/pɔːr/

ضعیف

صفت

The poor kid is feeling deserted.
"I was raised poor," Carmen said.

poverty-stricken  impoverished  necessitous  beggarly  in penury

4

transcribe/trænˈskraɪb/

به صورت نوشتاری درآوردن (متن صوتی) متن چیزی را نوشتن

فعل

Once you are happy with the text, then you can go ahead and transcribe it onto your note paper.
They take notes, transcribe dialogue and track everything that happens so they will be ready to create episodes.

write out  copy out  copy in full  write in full  put in writing

5

omit/oʊˈmɪt/

حذف کردن ذکر نکردن، از قلم انداختن

فعل

It is simpler and more respectable to omit it.
When he spoke of the execution he wanted to pass over the horrible details, but Natasha insisted that he should not omit anything.

leave out  exclude  fail to include  except  shut out

6

require/rɪˈkwaɪər/

نیاز داشتن ملزم بودن

فعل

"Basically, that I require a lot of attention," Carmen said.
I suppose dancing that well would require a lot of practice.

need  be in need of  stand in need of  have need of
be crying out for
necessitate  demand

7

notion/ˈnoʊʃən/

ایده فکر، عقیده

اسم

idea  belief  concept  conception  conviction

8

remain/rɪˈmeɪn/

باقی ماندن

فعل

One would argue that energy costs will remain high.
All this time he had to remain strong for his mother.

continue to exist  endure  last  abide  go on

9

adhere to/ədˈhɪr tu/

پایبند بودن به مقید بودن

فعل

10

thus/ðʌs/

بنابراین به این خاطر

قید

Thus they stood and waited for what appeared to be the reading of a will.
He accepted her offer and thus became Under Sheriff of Ouray County, Colorado.

consequently  as a consequence  in consequence  so  that being so

11

ensure/ɛnˈʃʊr/

اطمینان حاصل کردن مطمئن ساختن، تضمین کردن

فعل

She froze then looked around to ensure no one was there to overhear them.
She made him what he was, but his suffering was necessary to ensure his survival.

make sure  make certain  see to it
secure  guarantee  warrant

12

terminology/ˌtɜːrməˈnɑːlədʒi/

اصطلاحات (علمی یا فنی) واژگان

اسم

The summary of results might as well have been in a foreign language with the medical terminology, abbreviations and sprinkling of what seemed like random numbers.
In this kingdom the system of agricultural terminology was based on it.

phraseology  terms  expressions  words  language

13

collocation/ˌkɑ.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən/

همایند همنشینی (واژگانی)، با هم آیی

اسم

The English language learner found it difficult to understand the collocation used in your statement.
A commonly used English collocation is "deep in thought."

14

colloquial/kəˈloʊkwiəl/

محاوره‌ای گفتاری

صفت

His colloquial talents were indeed of the highest order.
The merchant families of Iannina are well educated; the dialect spoken in that town is the purest specimen of colloquial Greek.

informal  conversational  everyday  casual  non-literary
natural

15

idiom/ˈɪd.iː.əm/

اصطلاح

اسم

However, with few exceptions, the cottages are styled within the vernacular revival idiom.
This idiom could, of course, be explained on the hypothesis of an Aramaic original.

expression  idiomatic expression  turn of phrase  set phrase  fixed expression

16

metaphor/ˈmɛtəfɔr/

استعاره (صنعت ادبی)

اسم

I discuss various special cases of this conceptual metaphor in my speech.
The song used sunshine as a metaphor for joy.

figure of speech  figurative expression  image  trope  allegory

17

phrasal verb/ˌfreɪ.zəlˈvɜːrb/

فعل عبارتی فعل دو کلمه‌ای

اسم

18

register/ˈredʒ.ɪ.stər/

گونه کاربردی (زبان‌شناسی)

اسم

You'll help Julie to register Molly at the Keene school while I make the plane reservation.
It took a moment for her to register the truth.

official list  listing  roll  roster  index

19

slang/slæŋ/

زبان عامیانه زبان لاتی

اسم

Because of this, "two bits" is still slang for twenty-five cents in the United States.
The word is of frequent use as a slang term - e.g.

informal language  colloquialisms  idioms  patois  argot

20

synonym/ˈsɪnənɪm/

مترادف هم‌معنی

اسم

Actually, only some foreign counts could be said to be equivalent to English earls; but "earl" is always translated by foreigners by words (comte, Graf) which in English are represented by "count," itself never used as the synonym of "earl."
The Parisians received the news of the event with joy, believing that freedom was now at last to be established on a firm basis by the man whose name was the synonym for victory in the field and disinterestedness in civil affairs.

21

abstract noun/ˌæbstrækt ˈnaʊn/

اسم انتزاعی

اسم

22

adulthood/ˈædʌlthʊd/

بلوغ بزرگسالی

اسم

To raise a child to adulthood requires your heart, energy, time, and wealth.
Upon reaching adulthood, men continue competing.

23

fear/fɪr/

ترس وحشت

اسم

For a long time he wandered in fear from place to place.
The sea shore is too far to the east so I fear she'll be remanded to a roadside bier of Kudzu and discarded fast food wrappers.

terror  fright  fearfulness  horror  alarm

24

shame/ʃeɪm/

شرم شرمساری، خجالت

اسم

There's no shame in being poor.
The man's face was red with shame this time.

humiliation  mortification  chagrin  ignominy  loss of face

25

belief/bɪˈliːf/

باور اعتقاد، عقیده

اسم

I was relieved beyond belief and nearly in tears.
What she's telling me is beyond belief and yet I know this ability exists.

opinion  view  viewpoint  point of view  attitude

26

boredom/ˈbɔrdəm/

ملالت خستگی (فکری و روحی)، بی‌حوصلگی

اسم

Holding aloof from active affairs, he tried to relieve the incurable boredom of satiety in.
Tina likes to combat her boredom by reading a book.

weariness  ennui  lack of enthusiasm  lack of interest  lack of concern

27

celebration/ˌsel.əˈbreɪ.ʃən/

جشن مراسم

اسم

In celebration of Fred's return to Bird Song, Dean didn't bother to protest.
1769, a celebration in honour of the poet was organized by David Garrick.

commemoration  observance  honouring  salute to  marking

28

childhood/ˈtʃɑɪld.hʊd/

کودکی بچگی

اسم

Josh had been her childhood playmate.
Josh had left childhood behind long ago and this little frolic in the snow probably looked anything but innocent to him.

youth  early years  early days  early life  infancy

29

competition/ˌkɑm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/

رقابت

اسم

contest  tournament  match  game  round

30

death/deθ/

مرگ فوت، مرگ و میر

اسم

I was scared to death I couldn't... get back!
Some things are meant to be, and death is natural for humans.

demise  dying  end  passing  passing away

31

freedom/ˈfriːd.əm/

آزادی

اسم

Maybe it wasn't the freedom he missed.
It's my freedom of choice.

liberty  liberation  release  emancipation  deliverance

32

friendship/ˈfrend.ʃɪp/

رفاقت دوستی

اسم

I don't think our friendship will survive what is coming.
Their friendship had been destroyed by one night of passion.

relationship  friendly relationship  close relationship  attachment  mutual attachment

33

happiness/ˈhæp.iː.nəs/

خوشحالی خوشبختی

اسم

I wish you all the happiness you so deserve.
Is being in control so important that you're willing to sacrifice the happiness of your only son?

contentment  pleasure  contentedness  satisfaction  cheerfulness

34

hatred/ˈheɪtrəd/

نفرت تنفر

اسم

His hatred of revolutionary principles was fanatical.
Under Ventidius Cumanus (48-52) the mutual hatred of Jews and Romans, Samaritans and Jews, found vent in insults and bloodshed.

loathing  hate  detestation  dislike  distaste

35

imagination/ɪˌmædʒ.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

قوه‌ تخیل قوه‌ تصور

اسم

She was letting her imagination run wild again.
She was letting her imagination run wild.

imaginative faculty  creative power  fancy
mind's eye
creativity  imaginativeness  creativeness
vision

36

sickness/ˈsɪk.nəs/

مریضی بیماری

اسم

The lingering sickness in his body fled, gone for good.
He had never seen nor heard of sorrow or sickness or poverty.

illness  disease  disorder  ailment  complaint

37

kindness/ˈkaɪnd.nəs/

مهربانی

اسم

He didn't do so out of the kindness of his heart.
I've shown you what kindness I possess.

kindliness  kind-heartedness  warm-heartedness  tender-heartedness  goodwill

38

loss/lɑːs/

ضرر کاهش، از دست دادن

اسم

He already felt the loss of her calm energy, but he had no idea what to do about it.
The sense of loss returned.

mislaying  misplacement  dropping  forgetting  overlooking
deprivation

39

membership/ˈmem.bərˌʃɪp/

عضویت

اسم

In the United States there were, in 1906, 101 church edifices and a total membership of 7558.
The effect of the work upon the Society itself may be summarized thus: some addition to membership; the creation of a sphere of usefulness for the younger and more active members; a general stirring of interest in social questions.'

belonging  associateship
community  integration  clanship
shirt  cap

40

neighborhood/ˈneɪbərˌhʊd/

محله اهل محل

اسم

Foxes are common in the neighborhood of Rome.
There was a man in my neighborhood who lived in a hollow tree.

district  area  locality  locale  quarter

41

partnership/ˈpɑːrtnərʃɪp/

شراکت همکاری

اسم

A marriage is a partnership, not a dictatorship.
He entered into partnership with the Copelands, who continued his business.

cooperation  association  collaboration  coalition  alliance

42

poverty/ˈpɑːvərti/

فقر

اسم

Despite their poverty begging is practically unknown.
Bringing an end to poverty, then, will also help bring an end to hunger.

penury  destitution  indigence  pennilessness  privation

43

sadness/ˈsæd.nəs/

غم حزن، ناراحتی، غمگینی

اسم

There was sadness in her voice.
Nothing could explain the sadness she felt at that discovery.

unhappiness  sorrow  dejection  regret  depression

44

wisdom/ˈwɪzdəm/

عقل درایت، خرد، دانش

اسم

Surprised at the casual wisdom of her words, Gabriel was quiet.
His words are wisdom to those legislators who contemplate no essential reform in the existing government; but for thinkers, and those who legislate for all time, he never once glances at the subject.

sagacity  sageness  intelligence  understanding  insight

45

extinct/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/

منقرض از بین رفته، نیست

صفت

A number of small extinct volcanoes, however, appear in all directions.
The genus is associated with one long extinct in Europe.

vanished  lost  died out  dead  defunct

46

settlement/ˈsetlmənt/

کوچگاه محل استقرار عشایر

اسم

In 1542 the settlement of Buenos Aires was re-established by an expedition sent for the purpose from Spain, under a tried adelantado, Cabeza de Vaca.
The settlement was at first called Aspinwall, in honour of William H.

agreement  deal  arrangement  resolution  accommodation

47

handful/ˈhændˌfʊl/

تعداد کمی

اسم

Why do you take up a handful of dirt?
He grabbed a handful of cookies and left.

a small number  a small amount  a small quantity  a sprinkling  a smattering

48

migrate/ˈmaɪˌgreɪt/

مهاجرت کردن کوچ کردن

فعل

The Russians do not emigrate as isolated individuals; they migrate in whole villages.
During and after supper, conversation seemed to continually migrate back to Cynthia.

relocate  resettle  move  move house
emigrate  go abroad

49

extensive/ɪkˈstɛnsɪv/

وسیع پهناور، گسترده

صفت

The hospital was much more extensive than I expected.
I didn't know he had such an extensive library.

large  large-scale  sizeable  substantial  considerable

50

hand down/hænd daʊn/

منتقل شدن به ارث گذاشتن

فعل

51

gender/ˈdʒen.dər/

جنسیت

اسم

Did you know that the female gender had a guardian?
Catalan, then, makes no distinctions save in the gender and the number of its nouns.

52

inanimate/ɪnˈænɪmət/

بی‌جان

صفت

An inanimate object is similarly consecrated.
between inanimate matter and man are ruthlessly swept away; only one soul, the rational, remains, and that is restricted to man.

lifeless  insentient  insensate  without life  inert

53

coin/kɔɪn/

ساخت واژه یا عبارت زبانی

فعل

She pulled out her coin purse.
117138), to which the silver coin found on the floor belongs, as the date of its foundation.

piece  bit
coins  coinage  coin of the realm  change

54

shelter/ˈʃel.t̬ər/

محافظت کردن

فعل

The kid needed shelter and warmth.
Hopefully it would offer some kind of shelter from the threatening storm.

protection  shield  cover  a roof  screen

55

unwittingly/ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli/

ناآگاهانه ندانسته، غیر عمدی

قید

Unwittingly, she had set Alex up for a fall.
She was unwittingly sharing herself with him.

56

entice/ɪnˈtaɪs/

وسوسه کردن اغوا کردن، مجاب کردن، تشویق کردن

فعل

"I keep trying to entice you, but you seem immune to me," he teased.
So he had come up to entice Katie back.

tempt  allure  lure  attract  dangle a carrot in front of
appeal to

57

roam/roʊm/

پرسه زدن سیر کردن، ولگردی کردن

فعل

I'm allowed to roam the fortress.
I buy my eggs from a farmer whose chickens roam free.

wander  rove  ramble  meander  drift

58

turn back the clock/tɜrn bæk ðə klɑk/

زمان را به عقب برگرداندن

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