امور اداری


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

leader/ˈliːdər/

رهبر

اسم

A good leader makes a good team the best, as my father says.
He is not a leader, but a follower.

chief  head  principal  boss
commander  captain
figurehead

2

communism/ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm/

کمونیسم

اسم

They aimed at communism in all things.
There are no longer any traces of communism, and the colony's property is actually held by an organization of the local Roman Catholic church.

collectivism  state ownership  socialism  radical socialism
Sovietism  Bolshevism

3

liberal/ˈlɪbərəl/

روشن‌فکرانه آزاداندیش، خالی از تعصب، لیبرال

صفت

Lori's past was a little too liberal for such a conservative family.
The waitress topped off our pasta dishes with a liberal amount of parmesan cheese.

tolerant  unprejudiced  unbigoted  broad-minded  open-minded

4

elect/ɪˈlɛkt/

انتخاب کردن (از طریق رای گیری) برگزیدن

فعل

They therefore elect elders, who expound the Scriptures, baptize and hear confessions.
24, whom Neander regards as elect disciples of Sergius.

vote  vote for  vote in  choose  choose by ballot

5

republican/rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

جمهوری‌خواه عضو حزب جمهوری‌خواه

صفت

He was a devoted member of the Republican party, but not a politician in the strict sense.
Having failed to secure a re-election to the Senate in '887, Harrison was nominated by the Republican party for the presidency in 1888, and defeated Grover Cleveland, the candidate of the Democratic party, receiving 233 electoral votes to Cleveland's 168.

6

belief/bɪˈliːf/

باور اعتقاد، عقیده

اسم

I was relieved beyond belief and nearly in tears.
What she's telling me is beyond belief and yet I know this ability exists.

opinion  view  viewpoint  point of view  attitude

7

dictator/dɪkˈteɪtər/

دیکتاتور خودکامه، فرمانروای مطلق

اسم

The dictator was nominated by one of the consuls.
Statues of Blanco, which had been erected in various places in the city of Caracas, were broken by the mob, and wherever a portrait of the dictator was found it was torn to pieces.

autocrat  monocrat  absolute ruler
tyrant  despot  oppressor

8

majority/məˈʤɔrəti/

اکثریت

اسم

It's also covered by the majority of Memon's army.
Some columns, supposing they had reached their destination, halted, piled arms, and settled down on the cold ground, but the majority marched all night and arrived at places where they evidently should not have been.

larger number  larger part  greater number  greater part  major part

9

reactionary/riˈækʃəˌnɛri/

ارتجاعی واکنشی

صفت

Under the Restoration he became a peer of France, but protested against the reactionary spirit of the government, and remained in opposition.
He was left in the hands of reactionary boyars and priests, who encouraged him to hate his father and wish for the death of the tsar-antichrist.

right-wing  conservative  rightist  ultra-conservative  ultra-right

10

election/ɪˈlek.ʃən/

انتخابات

اسم

The election is weeks off.
I'm running for election against this guy.

ballot  vote  poll  referendum  plebiscite

11

foreign policy/ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi/

سیاست خارجی

اسم

12

world/wɜːld/

جهان دنیا

اسم

There's a world of good you could perform.
All the money in the world couldn't have saved her.

earth  globe  planet  sphere
planet  satellite

13

conservative/kənˈsɜrvətɪv/

محافظه‌کار

صفت

Pete was conservative with his praise, so she felt honored.
After purchasing a conservative blouse and jeans of quality, she moved on to a less crowded grocery store than the budget one she usually used.

right-wing  reactionary  traditionalist  unprogressive  establishmentarian

14

believe/bɪˈliːv/

اعتقاد داشتن باور داشتن

فعل

He is the handsomest and strongest of men, and I believe he is the wisest also.
I can't believe I've finally found you.

be convinced by  trust  have confidence in  consider honest  consider truthful
regard as true

15

policy/ˈpɑl.ə.si/

سیاست خط مشی

اسم

He suggested the center change their policy and not tape calls in the future.
To their surprise, Josh had a $150,000 insurance policy Lori didn't know about.

plans  strategy  proposed action  blueprint  approach

16

opposition/ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən/

مخالفت ضدیت، تضاد

اسم

He's the opposition, remember?
They view the opposition by others to the actions of their country as treason, or at least, inexplicably self-destructive.

resistance  hostility  antagonism  antipathy  enmity

17

republic/riˈpʌblək/

جمهوری

اسم

The United States is a republic, as even the Pledge of Allegiance says.
The Third Servile War occurred in the Roman Republic from 73 BC to 71 BC.

18

socialist/ˈsoʊʃələst/

سوسیالیست جامعه‌گرای

اسم

Her earliest political activities in her student days were connected with the Socialist movement in the country of her birth, but about 1895 she migrated to Germany.
From this time his relations with the government were less friendly, and in 1878 he brought about the rejection of the first Socialist Bill.

left-wing  Fabian  syndicalist  utopian socialist
communist  communistic

19

social democrat/ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræt/

سوسیال دموکرات

اسم

20

left-wing/lɛft-wɪŋ/

جناح چپ (گرایش سیاسی) چپ‌گرا

صفت

The left wing was totally destroyed by the bombardment of 1795, but has since been restored.
It was formed in the traditional order of the galleys - a long line abreast, subdivided into the centre or "battle" commanded by Don John in person, the left wing under the proveditore Barbarigo, and the right under Gianandrea Doria.

socialist  communist  communistic  Bolshevik  leftist

21

take place/teɪk pleɪs/

برگزار شدن رخ دادن، صورت گرفتن

فعل

happen  occur  come about  transpire  crop up

22

economic policy/ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi/

سیاست اقتصادی

اسم

23

communist/ˈkɑmjənəst/

کمونیست عضو حزب کمونیست

اسم

This Communist party established its own organ, the " Rude' Prdivo " (The Red Rights), in opposition to the " Pravo Lidu" (The Rights of the People), the organ of the Social Democratic party.
The Communist system eschewed political liberties in favor of economic ones.

collectivist  leftist  ultra-left  socialist  radical socialist

24

communist/ˈkɑmjənəst/

کمونیستی [وابسته به کمونیسم]

صفت

This Communist party established its own organ, the " Rude' Prdivo " (The Red Rights), in opposition to the " Pravo Lidu" (The Rights of the People), the organ of the Social Democratic party.
The Communist system eschewed political liberties in favor of economic ones.

collectivist  leftist  ultra-left  socialist  radical socialist

25

democracy/dɪˈmɒk.rə.si/

دموکراسی حکومت مردمی

اسم

We welcome new members to join in the fight for a liberal democracy.
There is an increasing feeling of democracy in the country.

representative government  elective government  constitutional government  popular government
self-government  government by the people

26

monarchy/ˈmɑnɑrki/

پادشاهی سلطنت، کشور پادشاهی

اسم

We are replacing monarchy with self-rule.
In a monarchy, despotic or constitutional, there cannot in strictness be an aristocracy, because the whole political power cannot be vested in the noble Venice class.

kingdom  sovereign state  principality  empire
realm
kingship  sovereignty

27

government/ˈgʌvərmənt/

دولت دولتی

اسم

We have no control over what the government does.
Government is a great achievement of civilization.

administration  executive  regime  authority  powers that be

28

rule/ruːl/

اداره کردن کنترل کردن

فعل

But I didn't make that rule up.
I always make it a rule to speak out.

regulation  ruling  directive  order  court order

29

political/pəˈlɪt̬.ɪ.kəl/

سیاسی

صفت

A man of few words, Gabriel hadn't gotten used to the political side of his job yet.
The conversation did not flag all evening and turned chiefly on the political news.

governmental  government  local government  ministerial  parliamentary

30

socialist/ˈsoʊʃələst/

سوسیالیستی جامعه‌گرایی

صفت

Her earliest political activities in her student days were connected with the Socialist movement in the country of her birth, but about 1895 she migrated to Germany.
From this time his relations with the government were less friendly, and in 1878 he brought about the rejection of the first Socialist Bill.

left-wing  Fabian  syndicalist  utopian socialist
communist  communistic

31

ruler/ˈruː.lər/

خط کش

اسم

He was the chief ruler of that great city.
My daughter is the ruler of the immortal world, her father said.

leader  sovereign  monarch  potentate  crowned head

32

politician/ˌpɑl.əˈtɪʃ.ən/

سیاستمدار

اسم

He'd never seen the politician up against something he couldn't defeat.
"I don't even like the word politician," Dean answered.

legislator  Member of Parliament  MP  representative  minister

33

radical/ˈrædəkəl/

افراطی تندرو، افراط‌گرایانه

صفت

Since 1870 there have been five radical changes made in New South Wales.
History is full of radical breaks with the past that only seem to have come out of nowhere but were, in fact, predictable.

thoroughgoing  thorough  complete  total  entire

34

Democrat/ˈdɛməˌkræt/

عضو حزب دموکرات (امریکا) دموکرات

اسم

Pattison (1850-1904), a Democrat, was elected governor in 1883 and again in 1891, but he was handicapped by Republican legislatures.
Newton C. Blanchard, Democrat Jared Y.

35

Liberalism/ˈlɪbərəˌlɪzəm/

لیبرالیسم آزادی‌خواهی

اسم

In Spain and Portugal, and also in Belgium, a Liberalism inimical to the Church was in power.
The quarrel between Liberalism and Clericalism was, however, not ended.

36

politics/ˈpɑl.əˌtɪks/

سیاست علم سیاست

اسم

The politics are changing slowly.
In politics he was a Democrat.

government  local government  affairs of state  public affairs  diplomacy

37

right-wing/raɪt-wɪŋ/

راست‌گرا [وابسته به جناح راست]

صفت

So, you want to look like a Forbes-reading representative for right-wing political doctrines?
Krauss had better success with his right wing.

conservative  rightist  ultra-conservative  ultra-right  alt-right
blimpish

38

Prime Minister/ˌprɑɪmˈmɪn.ə.stər/

نخست وزیر

اسم

39

dictatorship/dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪp/

حکومت استبدادی نظام دیکتاتوری

اسم

This dictatorship of Rosas continued until 1852.
Sulla's dictatorship was the form taken by a provisional government.

40

socialism/ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm/

سوسیالیسم جامعه‌خواهی، جامعه‌گرایی

اسم

Socialism had become a political force in the land.
His political and social ideas have had a great influence on the development of socialism in France.

41

hold/hoʊld/

برگزار کردن

فعل

Can you hold things down for two weeks?
Can you hold lunch for a little bit?

42

in power/ɪn ˈpaʊər/

روی قدرت بر سر کار

عبارت

43

vote/voʊt/

رای دادن

فعل

I, for one, would vote for peace.
I'm not a citizen of the county, so I can't vote for you.

44

run/rʌn/

اداره کردن کنترل کردن، مدیریت کردن

فعل

I didn't run away.
I could have run away from my father, as I wanted to.

45

democratic/ˌdem.əˈkræt̬.ɪk/

مردمی دموکراتیک، [وابسته به حزب دموکرات]

صفت

46

seat/siːt/

کرسی (مجلس و ...) جایگاه

اسم

The princess, picking up her dress, was taking her seat in the dark carriage, her husband was adjusting his saber; Prince Hippolyte, under pretense of helping, was in everyone's way.
Put this on the seat and this to the right.

47

representative/ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/

نماینده

اسم

The decision of the representative of the United States was given in April 1899.
Its foremost representative was Francis Makemie, already mentioned, who, in 1683, as an ordained minister of the presbytery of Laggan, was invited to minister to the Maryland and Virginia Presbyterians.

48

conservatism/kənˈsɜrvəˌtɪzəm/

محافظه‌کاری

اسم

(4) The ignorance and conservatism of the women.
In England a considerably less docile conservatism has been predominant.



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